River And Water Management Flood Control Environmental Sciences Essay

River And Water Management Flood Control Environmental Sciences Essay Floods are a major concern in many parts of the world due to the many losses experienced in time of floods. Therefore, flood management techniques are very important in areas that are prone to frequent flooding. Flood management techniques are structures designed with the aim of containing floodwater in order to control floodplains. The designing of flood control techniques entails estimating the levels of water that causes floods and then measuring the required height that will create a working flood defense. Flood defenses are strong barriers that prevent water from flooding floodplains (Woods Woods 2007, p.5). Floods generally occur when flowing surface water spills over the restraining banks into dry land. Floods are a natural occurrence in almost all river systems. Areas that are prone to flooding include those that are located downstream of dams and low lying areas. Flooding causes vast losses which include human and animal life, soil erosion, damages of properties, destruction of vegetation and other environmental damages. Also, areas that are affected by floods could also be prone to droughts. This can even cause further loss of human and animal lives. Flood waters are usually polluted with harmful bacteria resulting from sewage. This means that people affected by the floods are at greater risks of getting infective diseases (Proverbs, et al., 2011, p. 221). However, floods also have positive impacts on ecosystems. One benefit from flooding includes more fresh water for domestic and irrigation usage. Other benefits include large deposits of minerals and nutrients into affected areas. Apart from these, floods also help to improve the condition of water ecosystems. However, they can be considered to be the most damaging compared to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes due to their frequencies. Therefore, strict measures must be in place to prevent the massive losses occurred during floods (Gruntfest Handmer, 2001, p.12). Methods used to control floods Techniques that are applied in controlling floods involve the adaptation of the river environment and areas which are close to the river. Flood control techniques can be applied on the river channel, floodway or on the floodplain (Ghosh, 1997, p.55). Techniques applied in floodplains Floodplains are areas that lie below the flood elevation and entirely on the floodway and river channel. The majority of techniques applied on floodplains lie far from the river but they are designed to reduce flood damage. Levee/Floodwall around structures This technique involves the construction of a levee/floodwall around structures that are located in floodplains. Levees can either be permanent or temporary. Construction of the levee usually requires the use of strong, artificial or natural material that can endure pressure from the floods (Hyndman Hyndman, 2010, p.356). The principle of using levees and other barriers is to raise the height of structures located in floodplains which floodwater must then climb in order cause flooding. These structures are there to offer protection to structures. However, they put other structures at a high risk of flooding due to the then increased water retention in the floodplains. Furthermore, serious damage to protected structures can then occur when the levees are unable to hold back floodwater. This is because the pressure that the floods hit the structure is extremely high compared to when there is no barrier (Green, 2004, p.36). The use of levees, dykes and floodwalls has a negative impact on the natural river processes (Harmancioglu, 1994, p.42). Ideally, developed water spills should form a natural channel which provides a way for the floods to flow. Therefore, levees would reduce the ability of the floodplains to process floodwaters. The inability of the floodwaters to flow freely within the floodplains would interfere with fish in their aquatic habitat. The river would respond by creating other channels in order to allow excess water to flow. The developed channels clear the backwater as well as reduce habitat complications (Harmancioglu, 1994, p.43). Off-stream detention pond The main aim of creating detention ponds in floodplains is to collect the floodwaters once the river has reached its maximum capacity. Detention ponds are constructed away from the floodway but must be within the floodplain catchment. When directing water into the detention ponds it will have an impact on reducing the amount of water a river carries. This will have a negative impact on natural river processes due to the reduction of water flowing downstream. Reduced amount of downstream flow could then cause a reduction in sediment transport, which may lead to the rising of the ground level of the channel and deposition of fine sediments. In addition, allowing water to flow into a detention pond may cause more water to flow into the pond than expected. This may lead to an increased development of river channels (Ali, 2002, p8.3). Detention ponds also create new surroundings for the breeding and maturing of fish. However, the construction of detention channels must be done in a way that creates a connection between the pond and the mainstream so that the rivers natural environment can be maintained. Severe damage to the environment can occur when the detention ponds break down leading to flooding in the floodplains. Techniques applied on floodway The floodway is made of river banks and the active channel. In general, the floodway forms the part of land that is immediately next to the river. This piece of land allows flood waters to pass without raising the floods depth upstream. One characteristic of floodways is the presence of small banks, either due to cuts made by previous floods or natural levees due to deposits from previous floodwater (Mambretti, 2011, p.66). Reducing the bank slope This technique consists of cutting the riverbank backwards to produce a gentler slope (Masoudian, 2009, p.14). It may involve replanting or resurfacing the bare bank using materials afterwards. Reducing the bank slope will have an impact on the increasing flood transportation at the channel level due to the increased bank width. This usually happens because reducing the bank slope increases the surface area of the bank channel, which then increases the volume of bank flow. However, if slope reduction is done through planting vegetation, it is likely that the bank stability will be increased. This has an effect of creating a natural containment, which reduces the velocity of water. A reduction in the velocity of water then decreases the rates of soil and bank erosion. Vegetation along river banks may also trap sediments within flows, which may then lead to a buildup of banks, increasing the effectiveness of banks in controlling floods (Masoudian, 2009, p.16). The fact that reducing the bank slopes then also reduces erosion along the river banks has a negative impact on natural river processes. Without erosion on the river banks there will be a reduced amount of sediments, a reduced level of wood debris and a reduced amount of channel migration. Therefore, the erosion occurring naturally along river banks is vital in maintaining an active balance within river systems. Aquatic habitats will also be affected; reducing bank slopes has a negative impact of clearing areas where fish may hibernate during the day in order to be safe from predators. Juvenile fish usually hide in undercut river banks making it an essential component of an aquatic habitat (Masoudian, 2009, p.17). Reinforcing riverbanks This technique involves adding supportive material to riverbanks in order to increase their stability and in resisting flood flows. The most commonly used reinforcement method involves planting natural vegetation as it acts as a stabilizer and increases the ability of riverbanks to control floods. Planting vegetation on riverbanks can be done through hydro seeding, which involves various methods to add a mixture of water, fertilizer and seeds into riverbanks. The planted seeds will then grow and form a vast network of root systems. The root system helps in holding the soil together, which then strengthens the riverbanks. The other method used to introduce plant material on riverbanks is hand planting. In this technique, mature plants are inserted into riverbanks to continue with their growth (Stokes, et al., 2007, p.50). Planting mature plants has the advantage of providing immediate protection against floods through flow reduction. The other method involves the use of plant mats, which are either natural or synthetic materials implanted with plant seeds and fertilizers. The mats are then spread on the riverbanks, and then the watering process follows to allow the seeds to germinate and support the following growth. Apart from irrigating the plant mats, continued instabilities in the river level can help in germination and supporting growth (Beek, et al., 2008, p.33). The main impact of introducing plants along river banks is the formation of strong riverbanks that can withstand pressure from flowing water. The other impact is the prevention of enhanced channel migration. Floods that may occur along banks with sufficient plant material may be less severe compared to those occurring in areas without plant stabilizers. The use of plant stabilizers provides a long-lasting solution to control of floods. This technique also offers an environmental friendly method of flood control, which is easy to maintain. Continued increases of vegetation along riverbanks increases channel roughness and reduces the water velocity. The use of plants also comes with the advantage of providing food for the aquatic life in the protected rivers. Fish may also find a natural habitat in the vast root system generated by plants (Beek, et al., 2008, p.34). Gabions Gabions are constructed using wire mesh baskets that are filled with stones of two-six inches. Like plants, gabions are meant to strengthen river banks, which boosts the river banks ability to resist pressure from flowing water. However, for gabions to be effective plants should be added to them. Gabions also deteriorate in time, which means that replacements are required when they stop functioning properly. The use of gabions reduces the natural erosion that occurs along riverbanks. This then reduces the amount of sediments delivered to downstream habitats. In addition, flows that are deflected by the gabions may create new river channels (Mascarenhas, 2011, p.82). Gabions also lead to an increase in water velocity, which has the disadvantage of reducing the amount of backwater that is essential for the survival of fish and other aquatic life. Well-designed gabions may serve as a reliable source for spawning gravel as well as habitats for aquatic life. Techniques applied along the river channel Sediment trap/mining This technique involves excavating or dredging a depression on the riverbed. Construction of sediment traps requires the proper assessment of sediment load within a river in times of flooding. Maintenance of sediment traps require continued mining of sediments after every serious flood event. Sediment mining reduces the amount of sediment deposits in the river channel, which in turn increases the channel volume as well as the flood transportation. Removing sediments could only have a short term impact of improved flood transportation because of the continued deposition of sediments downstream. Therefore, continued removal of sediments is necessary to prevent incidences of flooding (Mascarenhas, 2011, p.105). Removal of sediments within the river channel affects natural river processes. One effect of sediment mining is the change of the channel morphology. Any changes in the channel morphology affect the way the water flow and the river bed interact with each other. Removing sediments from the river channel changes the channel gradient. These changes then have further impacts on the gradient both upstream and downstream. An increase in the gradient in one location of the river may lead to the formation of a v point or otherwise known as a nick point. This leads to increased erosion in the channel, which extends to a point where the gradient is stable or where there is bedrock resistant to erosion (Raudkivi, 1993, p.35). The removal of sediments affects aquatic habitats in several ways. When fine sediments are removed, there is a creation of a spawning habitat for a variety of fish species. On the other hand, removal of spawning gravel reduces the level of spawning habitats (Raudkivi, 1993, p.41). Flow realignment This technique of flood control involves the digging of new and deeper channels on the river bed but with a different position compared to the existing channels. When flow realignment is done to increase flood transportation, there is a reduction in frequency and severity of floods. Flow realignment creates different structures for the river flow. This interferes with natural river processes both upstream and downstream. The most significant impact of flow realignment is obviously on aquatic habitats. The use of heavy equipment to make flow realignments creates disturbances on the river bed; this alters existing aquatic habitats. Therefore, usage of flow realignment techniques needs thorough assessment of potential impacts on the aquatic ecosystem (Fleming, 2002, p.47). Word Count: 2,108

High School and School Football Team Essay

Why someone wants to drop outof high school. Either or their family don’t have money so they have to work. There are many different reasons why students drop out of high school. As long as I know and from my experience those three are most import reasons why students drop out of high school. Dropping out of high school, sounds cool isn’t it? No but I had few friends who were in my of college? As from my experience with few of my friends who drop out of high school are those who has skills in sport or they think they don’t need to study in order to get to their goals. Most likely they are inspired from a star that has not even completed high school and he or she is big star now in a sport or even music. I am not saying that every student drop out of high school because of this reason. Few students drop out because they have bad grades from a star who is not even a high school graduate and today he is a star. Second one child doesn’t have any interest in education but that child is forced to attend high school. And last but not least some students who want to study but in some consequences they don’t have any other choice then drop out high school football team and two of my friends thought dropping out of high school is cool and fun they thought they are best football player so they will find something to do after dropping out of high school. Now days they don’t have job neither of them is in any football team either. Few days ago one of them tried to commit suicide. That’s the result of or they are  Page – 2  treated bad ways by a teacher or an administrator. Some student who don’t study or they don’t have any interest in education but they are forced by  their parents to go to high school they are the second one who will most likely drop out of high school. Therefore they will end up with out job, no money or may be no place to live in.

Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France and...

In this paper I will compare the theories and ideas from both Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France and John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty. In comparing these two philosophers, I will be paralleling their ideas and my own ideas I will be attributing them towards the modern day whistleblower, Edward Snowden. Political figures, government representatives and philosophy advocates have carefully studied Burke’s and Mill’s writings over hundreds of years to better understand their theories on governmental control in a society. One of, if not the most noteworthy concept in both their famous writings revolved around the concept of governmental control in a society. Both Burke and Mill have their own theories; they also have many†¦show more content†¦He was a committed advocate of utilitarianism. Mill made it known that he was a strong supporter of giving the power back to the minorities. The minority citizens in a society are the people who always challenge the system and keep the society advancing and evolving. He recognized that the only way we as a society can evolve and prosper is to find a way to give the minority a voice. Edward Snowden is an infrastructure analysis for the NSA. Snowden disclosed classified information to the general public and confidential government mass surveillance programs to the press. He was announced as the NSA’s public whistleblower. His views for these actions are based upon the underlining truths of both Burke and Mill’s theories. He believed that giving the minorities a voice in what their superiors are doing is the right thing to do. As Snowden stated in his interview â€Å"The public is owed an explanation of the motivations behind the people who make these disclosures that are outside of the democratic power.† (Kevin M. Gallagher) It is with his great power that they had to make a decision. Knowing he did not like the fact that the public does not know what he is capable of doing, does he tell everyone openly and possibly put himself at risk? Or does he keep everything still to himself and not worry about the following consequences or what could hap pen to him. Edmund Burke was a true leading figure of the conservative party. While he was writing his pieceShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Issues of Abortion and Gay Marriage1521 Words   |  7 Pagesand of course one conservative philosopher, Burke, to examine the different points of views. Stuart Mill will of course take the standpoint of the traditional liberalist values. Whereas Burke’s views will connect to some Liberalist principles, but for the most part will be more prone to the conservative principles of gradual evolutionary changes instead of revolutionary changes. John Stuart Mill is one of the most revered Liberalist philosophers of his time. Mill was one of the originalRead MoreTradition And Tradition Throughout Contemporary Life2102 Words   |  9 Pagescontemporary life? In your answer consider the views of Edmund Burke and J.S.Mills. Tradition can be defined as ‘The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way’ , a custom within tradition is a widely accepted way in which the individual behaves or acts specifically to the particular beliefs of the social group in which they adhere to. As modernity came to fruition, individualism that Mill’s proposed was so intrinsic to modernisation resulted

History - 611 Words

Discuss China in terms of being the MIDDLE KINGDOM, Population growth issues, and industralization. ** The term middle kingdom is the translation of the Chinese word which literally means middle kingdom or central country. As with most countries, the Chinese tendency was to view themselves as superior to and more advanced than their neighbors. They believed they had been specially chosen to enjoy dominion over neighboring lands. The term Middle Kingdom itself dates from between 1000 to 600 B.C. We see a resurgence in this concept of being the central country in China today. Their strong position economically, their growing military strength and their antagonism toward Taiwan are all†¦show more content†¦One of the biggest ones was on how they worked together and contributed much to their modern attitude towards the global economy. The one major back lash to all of this growth and advancement was Chinas forever growing population. There are a few factors that contribute to their rising population and they are as follows: China’s total fertility rate is 1.7, which means that on average each woman will give birth to 1.7 children throughout the continuation of her life. The necessary fertility rate for a reasonably stable population is 2.1: nonetheless, Chinas population is expected to break record highs and keep growing over the following decades. This can be contributed to immigration factors, and a decrease in infant mortality. Also decreases in death rate as national health improves. By late of last year, 2010, the expected population was estimated to be 1.4 billion people. It was estimated again around 2030 that the population was expected to decrease steadily. The part of Chinas main beliefs that held true even to this day is that of family. Traditionally you find more families in China Working together than while farming and such which led to why they were so successful in the agriculture part of their economy, and why it has stuck around for so long. The industrialization of China did occur on a significant scaleShow MoreRelatedHistory And History : History1540 Words   |  7 PagesAmrozia Shahram History 1301. P09 Essay History is integral part of our lives and historians play an important role to preserve history. Historians are present in every society. They have been around probably throughout the history of humanity. Their work however has become more methodical and systematic now. Modern day historians spend a lot of time searching for the truth from various sources of past information. These days so much information is available and this information is interpretedRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On History808 Words   |  4 PagesHistory is a course that contains a lot of fundamental information. It is a science that studies the past of the human race and the human civilizations, assists us to comprehend the present, so we have a better vision for the future. The History seeks to reconstitute the past event. For the reason, history has its objectives, methods. All the information of history is related to the time and space because the consideration of an historical event requires placing it i n time and in a given space. ByRead MoreHistory3115 Words   |  13 Pagesstudy history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. We study the past in school not because students need to know a collection of old facts, but because history helps them understand how the world works and how human beings behave. Knowledge of the past is required for understanding present realities. When people share some common knowledge of history, theyRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On History1556 Words   |  7 Pagespeak at a current history lesson taught in a classroom, the common outsider will likely find nothing wrong with its content or presentation. They hear many famous names and key dates of the famous people and events of the past and do not bat an eyelash because they learned history in the same way. On the other hand, if a historian were to walk into that same classroom, they would be incredibly disappointed by the fact that students are not really learning how to practice history. Granted, they probablyRead MoreBig History : A New Form Of History1190 Words   |  5 Pages12, 2014 Big History Big History, which was developed by David Christian and Bill Gates, is a new form of history that is continuously popping up in several high schools and colleges across the country. It has been quietly but rapidly growing throughout the course of the past three years due to its new concept of how history can be taught. Focusing on the universe and how everything is linked. Throughout my paper I will inform you of where Big History derived from, what Big History is and how itRead MoreHistory : A New Form Of History852 Words   |  4 PagesDoing History Essay: Up until the early nineteenth-century, history had been written in two dominant traditions, â€Å"one predominantly learned and antiquarian, the other essentially literary†. However, a postmodern shift in historiography has led to a new form of history, namely ‘disobedient histories’. ‘Disobedient history’ as a new form of history moves away from Leopold Von Ranke’s ideas of history being a rigorous scientific inquiry towards a more diverse and cultured form. Some of these formsRead MoreEssay on History and Memory882 Words   |  4 PagesGate 42 Analysis Throughout gate 42, Mark Baker combines both assumed history and a plethora of evocative language techniques to recreate the death of his grandmother, Hinda. From such a technique, one can infer that when history and memory combine, the interplay allows a heightened understanding and perceptive insight into events of the past; specifically the Holocaust. Such a theory becomes evident within the opening of Gate 42, as Baker uses the repetitive symbol of a Jewish poem to draw theRead More The Importance of History Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is history? Should we study history? Who creates history? Is history relevant? The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between the writers, readers, and the makers of history. It is a vital topic which should be relevant in our lives because it?s important to acknowledge past events that have occurred in our world that deeply influences the present. This essay will discuss what history is, and why we study it. History is the studyRead MoreWhat is History? Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is History? The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between the writers, readers, and the makers of history. In the words of acclaimed historian Edward Gibbon, History is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, follies and misfortunes of mankind. A more romantic view on the subject was taken by Cicero. He said, History is the witness that testifies the passing of time. It illuminates reality, vitalizes memory, providesRead MoreGerman History Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesMost would agree that it is valuable to acknowledge history, whether it be through documentation, education, or architectural preservation. However, history can be complex and ugly, stained by war, genocide, and destruction. Therein lies a philosophical controversy: should these historical â€Å"stains† be acknowledged or buried? What role do these ugly histories have in the development of a society? Within the last century, no nation has been force d to confront these questions on the same scale that

facilitate group effectiveness Essay - 13244 Words

CU2948 Facilitate the Development of Effective Group Practice in Health and Social Care or Children and Young People’s Settings 1.1 Analyse the impact of theories and models on group work practice Groups may be defined in many ways, indeed providing an absolute definition of a group, as with much of the theory around group work, is highly problematic and contestable. However for the purposes of discussing groupwork within a context of working with young people we may define a group as a small gathering of young people. Group work may simplistically be described as the study and application of the processes and outcomes experienced when a small group comes together. Konopka (1963) defines groupwork as a method of social work that is†¦show more content†¦For example both the YAM and PTV groups I had experience with were set up to encourage social interaction and personal development. Having an awareness of group stage theory enabled my colleagues and myself to structure the early encounters for the groups to be; a) fun and enjoyable – to encourage continued attendance; b) relaxed - offering the promotion of effective communication and allowing members to get to know each other a little whilst gaining in confidence and trust. To this end ice breakers, introduction and communication exercisers such as those provided by Brandes and Phillips (1979), Bond (1986), Leech and Wooster (1986) and Dearling and Armstrong (1994) were used. As Dynes describes `[games] stimulate the imagination, make people resourceful and help develop social ability and co-operation` (Dynes, 1990). Stage 2: Storming This stage sees group members begin to confront each other as they begin to vie for roles within the group that will help them to belong and to feel valued. Thus as members begin to assert their individual personalities, the comfort of the forming stage begins to come under siege. Members experience personal, intra and inter group conflicts. Aggression and resentment may manifest in this stage and thus if strong personalities emerge and leadership is unresponsive to group and individual needs, the situation may become destructive to theShow MoreRelatedOperational Audit1064 Words   |  5 PagesNATURE OF OPERATIONAL AUDIT †¢ Also known as management audits and performance audits. †¢ Conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and/or efficiency of operations. †¢ Examinations of all or part of an entity to determine the degree of its operational efficiency, effectiveness and economy. †¢ Also refers to the auditor’s study of business operations for the purpose of making recommendations about economic and efficient use of resource, effective achievement of business objectivesRead MoreCertified Registered Nurse Anesthetists ( Crnas )1338 Words   |  6 Pagessupervision for anesthesia care provided by CRNAs is rooted in financial reimbursement. Cost effectiveness is the driving force behind why some institutions elect one model over the other (Hogan, Seifert, Moore, Simonson, 2010). Each model yields it own level of autonomy and cost effectiveness, with the CRNA-only model being most conducive to full practice capabilities for CRNAs. With the emergence of MDA-mega groups this may compromise CRNA autonomy in large-scale facilities and throughout the countryRead MoreDecision Support Systems in Organizational Decision Making800 Words   |  4 PagesSupport Systems (DSS) help with time management. All groups of DSS enhance reduced time circle involved in the decision making process. At Amazon.com, DSS enhance the productivity of employees and facilitate timely acquisition of information that is necessary for the decision making process. DSS facilitate enhanced interpersonal communication among those responsible for decision making. Communication-Driven Decision Support Systems and Group Decision Support Systems lead in more lubricated communicationRead MoreCarl E. Jr. Katz And Frank M. J. Lafasto827 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom a hierarchy to a heterarchy approach, where there is a lateral decision-making rather than vertical decision-making. To lead a team, one must have a process in place to facilitate orderly and effective decision-making. Origin of Theory Carl E. Larson and Frank M. J. LaFasto pioneered the understanding of effectiveness as it relates to leadership teams. Carl E. Larson served for more than four decades as a teacher or trainer in the area of teamwork, negotiation, conflict resolution and variousRead MoreUsing Shared Group Work Tools683 Words   |  3 PagesHow People Use Shared Group work Tools: Shared group work tools can be described as any information processing initiatives involving coordinated activities of individuals separated in time and/or space and sharing their common information in the cloud. In the past few years, cloud sharing and storage group work tools have transformed the business world through providing convenient means that support the collaborative efforts of individuals regardless of their distance and time. The increased useRead MoreHigh Rate Teacher Turnover And Students Reduction1330 Words   |  6 Pagesaction learning which is considered as group-based working on real issues, taking action as well as developing learning as individuals, as a team and as an organization in order to keep loyal teachers and increase numbers of students for school (Marquardt, 2005). According to Professor Red Revans, who coined the term action learning in 1940, says that the first step in action learning process is clarifying the objective that presents the problem and task to the group (Revans, 1998). Therefore, the schoolRead MoreFirst Session Solution Focused Brief Therapy1616 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus of SFBT, focusing on the present and the future was congruent with the mother’s preference on not dwelling on their children’s disability (much like the past, the disability can not change). A congruent focus on the present and future helped facilitate scaling exercises and highlighting a preferred future. The authors reported that six of the mothers experienced feelings of worth and self efficacy when reflecting on their accomplishments. The authors examined the theme of wishful thinking. LloydRead MoreMultimedia Vocabulary: Use of Information Technology to Teach English in Hong Kong1293 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of time preparing multimedia teaching materials, e.g. PowerPoint slides. As an enormous amount of resources has been spent on the integration of multimedia technology in English learning in the past five years, it is time to evaluate the effectiveness of such an investment. Focus of this study will be put on the use of multimedia annotation on vocabulary learning for learners with different learning styles. Among various areas of second language learning, such as listening, grammar etcRead MoreThe Utilization Of Ict Development Of Documentation And Sop1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe second form of approach to the utilization of ICT’s to codify knowledge is found in the development of documentation and SOP’s. Hislop (2013) cited Hsaio’s work who examined the effectiveness of this approach in an organization’s utilization of a â€Å"knowledge repository concerned with updating and sharing ‘best practice’ procedures for the installation and maintenance of equipment† (Hislop, 2013, p.207). This has been an effective method of moving knowledge across the training function in my organizationRead MoreAnalysis : Quantitative Meta Analysis889 Words   |  4 Pages100% on a second sample at 3 hours later (Westwood et al., 2015), the impact of such great performance will be reflected on the patients’ outcome, which can be measured on the timely ruling in or out of ACS. Therefore, the policy need to change to facilitate the diagnostic process in order to triage chest pain patients more effectively and efficiently. Moreover, since many people will have noncardiac causes (Westwood et al., 2015), accurate and prompt differentiate ACS and other noncardiac causes of

Growing Up African American Free Essays

I am a member of the African American group and I would like to tell you a bit about the group of when I am a part of. Let me start by saying that my African American group originated from Africa and growing up in America can be tough for people of my race, the African Americans. My group’s history is wide ranging spanning for many years and varying from region to region within the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Growing Up African American or any similar topic only for you Order Now I remember when I was young I use to talk to my mother a lot and asked her many questions like â€Å"Why am I called an African American? She went on to explain that our race originally comes from Africa and we were part of a slave trade. From my mother I learned that we were slaves until a law was passed to give us freedom. I use to wonder when I was young if there were other people similar to me all over America. I also remember something my father told me once that African Americans live all over the country. My father told stories of how he used to go to an all black school could vote or sit in the front of buses. Being African Americans have faced several kinds of creation and consequence situations in the years they have been a part of the United States. In some places cheaper labor, longer work hours and terrible living conditions. Many people of the United States have made it almost impossible for groups of another race or Ethnicity to strive and live full happy lives. I have seen over the year’s situations of extermination in some parts, as well segregation, and expulsion. In school from some of my teachers, in social interactions like just walking through a store, and especially in the work place when they’ll even give me the chance to work because it doesn’t matter I go to get a job out here. There are some racist, even the Uncle Tom’s. I’ve done everything they ask and still I either get denied the job or they hire me and treat me like Growing up African American 3 trash until I quit, or they try to find a reason to get rid of me. Since, I don’t give them much reason to get rid of me due to my strong work ethic and performance; they usually try to break me down. Education plays an important role for most African Americans; however we are still way behind when compared to the White American which probably has a lot to do with the way some of us was brought up or our background. Regardless of the contributions made by the forefathers of black people, there is a hesitation of acceptance of the race that has been a focus of many groups the strive for freedom and justice for all, that has not yet been rectified. The same group of people was good enough to built the country is not always seen as good enough to live in the house next door. I believe because this country is made up of many different races and ethnic groups that are steadily growing in numbers. If different races are toco exist peacefully in the U. S. , it is vital that we all become educated on the history and culture of different races and ethnicities. According to the 2000 Census data for Lexington, MS the total population for 2000 were 2,025 male 965 and female 1,060 square miles 2. 45. Race: white (635); black or African American (1,362); American Indian and Alaska Native (1); Asian (13); and two or more races (14); and Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (40) (Fact finder Census 2000). Birthplace facts from the 2000 census data in Lexington born in the same state (1,706); born in another state (269); born outside the US (0); naturalized citizen (14); and foreign born, not US citizen (10). Some more 2000 census data in educational attainment population 25 and older was 1,206 in Lexington: high school graduates (299); some college, or associate’s degree (349); bachelor’s degree (111); and master’s, professional or doctorate degree (60). Some enrollment population 3 years and over Growing up African American 4 enrolled in school was 627: preschool and kindergarten (83); grades 1-12 (446); and college (98) (2000 census data). How to cite Growing Up African American, Papers

Leadership in Business A Multicultural Society

Question: Describe about the Leadership in Business for A Multicultural Society. Answer: Introduction Leading for change helps to perform an organisation in a multicultural society in proper and adequate manner. According to Chhokar et al., (2013), leadership plays an important role in order to manage the transformed business operation of the companies for providing a tough competition to the other existing competitor companies in the particular marketplace. This essay will explain a blueprint in order to guide every organisations of Australia to develop the basic ways of representations of the leadership, which determines the cultural diversity. Scott Davis (2015) have mentioned that it is essential for the modern leaders of the organisation to understand the existence of the cultural diversity. This essay will also cover the gaps and laws in between the considerable uncertainty and the collected data from various trustworthy sources in the Australian marketplace. It will also illustrate the reason of the improvement of the leadership quality and the management in order to do bette r than the other neighbouring countries. Why is it important that leaders understand cultural diversity in modern day organisation? As opined by Daft (2014), cultural diversity involves the differences, which distinguishes a group of people from the other and it can be determined by some attributes such as age, gender, sexual orientation, class and ethnicity. Leadership quality differs from one person to other ad it should be open for the every level of associated employees of the organisations. The leaders should change their perception in order to deal with the cultural diversity in the modern day organisation. However, the leaders also communicate with the employees for resolving any kind of issues regarding the cultural diversity. There are certain cases, which suggest that the leaders are unable to handle the cultural diversity and gender in equal manner. The leaders of the Australian organisations experience several incidents on the cultural diversity and its impact upon the employee performance and ultimate productivity and profit level of the companies. The management of the organisations does not provide a separate leadership program in order to deal with the cultural diversity of the employees. Hargreaves Fink (2012) have stated that the leaders are expected to integrate the cultural diversity in order to maintain a flawless business operation within the large corporations. The leaders are always expected to build a perfect accountability for creating an inclusive workplace environment. The leaders resolve the challenges of cultural diversity with their own commitment for the ultimate success of the company in a particular market. In case study 1, the chief executive team of Westpac, ensures the diversity goals and inclusion to be integrated into the basic business strategies of the company. Even this team keeps a perfect and adequate track of the process of progressing and initiatives. Same things happen with PwC and Telstra in order to mitigate the cultural diversity within the organisation. Dickson et al., (2012) have mentioned that there are effective and potential organisational policies and procedures, which can control the cultural diversities among the existing employees of the organisation. There are several researches on the senior leaders cultural composition in any kind of business of Australia, its civil society, government and politics. However, the priorities are only the chief executives of the large corporations and leaders, who possess the capabilities of changing the attitudes and behaviour towards the existing cultural diversity within the organisation. The business experts have suggested t hat if cultural diversity can be used in positive manner, then it can create a perfect working environment that may bring the ultimate success of the company. Several data have been collected in order to understand the existence of the cultural diversity and its impact on the productivity of the employees as it will hamper both the market position of a company and the brand reputation. As opined by Wiewiora et al. (2013), it is an essential factor for the leaders of the organisation to understand the importance of the cultural diversity in order to make the business operations in an organisation. As Australia is considered multicultural nation, therefore, the leaders should possess adequate idea regarding the impact of cultural diversity. Even in the public services of Australia, the cultural diversity is under- represented in dramatically manner. This sector consists of employees of Anglo Celtic, European, non-European and Indigenous background. There is an applied vision of the inclusive leadership, which proposes that there are basic requirements of cultural diversity, which should be satisfied within every organisation. It should consider the uniqueness of every employee from different cultural background and it should obey the leaders. The culturally different employee of the company should not be excluded from the senior colleagues. Ng Sears (2012) have sugg ested that there should be cultural diversity in the various level of leadership of an organisation in order to reduce any kind of biasness towards some particular employees. As every employees of the organisation have to share common objectives and goals, therefore any kind of issues regarding cultural diversity should be resolved for attaining the desired goals of the organisation. any kind of allegations and litigations of the racial discrimination possess the potentiality to damage the brand image of a corporate company. For instances, Leslie Miley, who holds a highest position in Twitter claims that the management fails to recruit fresh African-American talent as it oppose the cultural diversity. Australian Bureau of Statistics provides a basic core set of the important indicators for measuring the cultural diversity within the company. Griffin (2013) has stated that every organisation can collect important data on the ethnic background of the every associated employee. The lea ders of a large corporation are expected to avoid every confusion regarding the cultural diversity of the employees. Eve on certain cases, there are questionnaires, which help to investigate the existing issues that may damage the business operations and functions of an organisation. How can leaders support and influence the cultural diversity in the workplace? In most o the Australian organisations, the inclusion and diversity is approached with a perfect process of bottom-up and top-down strategy and the CEO of organisations help the leaders to take effective measure for mitigating the issues related to the cultural diversity. Cummings Worley (2014) have mentioned that the leaders can engage every employees from different cultural background while dividing the allocated tasks in between them. An efficient and potential leader communicates with the employees from every level in order to influence and support the system of cultural diversity in the workplace. Every employee should know their commitment to the company and need to understand the actual process of diversity, which may influence the role and responsibility and the way of the basic success of any initiative towards mitigating the cultural diversity. The leaders can participate in the surveys of the employee engagement as it provides a scope to discuss the concerns, which may el icit any relevant advices for supporting the efforts of the employees of the organisation. According to Moran et al. (2014), the leaders should be engaged in the diversity effort in active manner, therefore, it will help to start a resource group of thee associated employees. The leaders of the Australian organisation become the mentee, part of co-mentor relationship and an adequate mentor, which represents a perfect and valuable scope and opportunity for professional and personal development. In order to influence and support the cultural diversity within the corporation, the leaders become competent culturally for learning and understanding about various races, cultures, ethnicity, backgrounds and regions. The employees are encouraged to share some cultural practices in order to become familiar with the cultural diversity and to solve problems during the period of crisis. As opined by Erez et al. (2013), the leadership theories will be perfect and suitable to support and influence the cultural diversity within the organisation. Such as behavioural theory reflects that, the quality of leadership requires well-developed and deigned positive ego with a stable and strong personality. As Australia is multicultural society, therefore, the leaders of the Australian organisations should possess self-confidence to the utmost level, as it will help to resolve critical issues related to the cultural diversity in the company. On the other hand, the contingency theory argues that there is no fixed or established way to lead the people and each leadership style is based on the current situation. Hogan Coote (2014) have contradicted with the fact that contingency theory is an extended version of the trait theories of the leadership. The contingency theory explains the requirement of employing this particular theory, when the employees will be responsive in appropri ate manner. The Human Rights Commission of Australia has launched workplace cultural diversity tool in order to help the organisations for measuring the best practices related to the cultural diversity. There is process of online diagnostic for assessing and evaluating the strategies, leadership, appropriate selection and retention of potential staffs for monitoring the progress in the present workplace culture. This particular process is strictly followed by the leaders of the organisation in Australia for handling a culturally diverse workplace. The leaders should always mitigate every stereotype risks for accompanying the basic appointment of the talents of culturally diverse leadership position. Dimmock (2012) has mentioned that if the employees fail to perform according to the requirements and expectations of the companies, then it reflects the failure of the leadership quality. The leaders of the organisation should make achievable targets for the employees as it has been prov ed that targets, which are overly ambitious, may affect the future efforts. There is bias interrupted program, which has been launched by Telstra for improving the understanding of the leaders of Telstra and motivates the employees for high innovation and performance. McKee et al. (2012) have suggested that leaders of a company possess the potentiality for valuing the uniqueness of every individual over their cultural differences. Even the leaders should be flexible while recruiting and selecting appropriate and suitable employees to explore the fundamental dynamics of sexual orientation, gender identity, intercultural understanding, age and global mindset of the associated individuals within the organisation. There are organisational policies, procedure, rules and regulations, which promote the inclusive leadership that provides no extra privilege towards certain groups of cultural background (Banks, 2015). The leaders have understood the impact of the culture in order to shape the fundamental perceptions, behaviour and attitudes of the employees. An Austra lian organisation provides a vast scope for every associated individuals of the organisation to hold the position of leader, if that particular individual possesses the leadership potentiality, capabilities and efficiency. However, from various sources it has been confirmed that the leadership and cultural diversity in Australia suggests an important and emergent field. There are also large possibilities of the improvement of improving this quality of leadership to deal with the cultural diversity within the company. The leadership commitment offers a detailed vision of the diversity, which is communicated and demonstrated throughout a company with the help of top-level management procedures. Hogan (2012) has contradicted with the above statement and has stated that during making the strategic plan of the enterprise, the management and the business experts should consider cultural diversity as an important factor as it can be aligned with the strategic plan and promote more inclusiv e workplace environment than previous. The organisations arrange adequate training programmes for educating and informing the management and the leaders regarding the benefit of diversity. Conclusion This essay particularly discusses the existing issues related cultural diversity within various organisations of Australia. It also explains the importance of leadership for influencing and supporting the cultural diversity for betterment of the business operations of the organisations and it helps a company to hold the desired position in particular industry with suitable market share. This easy also clearly reflects the impish link in between the cultural background and cultural identity of an individual. Only with the effective and potential leadership capabilities, the critical issues will be mitigated and the government of Australia should update their existing laws and legislations regarding cultural differences of individual for supporting the cultural diversity of an organisation. References Banks, J. A. (2015).Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dickson, M. W., Castao, N., Magomaeva, A., Den Hartog, D. N. (2012). Conceptualizing leadership across cultures.Journal of World Business,47(4), 483-492. Dimmock, C. (2012). Taking account of complex global and cultural contexts.School Leadership and Administration: The Cultural Context, 33. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Griffin, R. W. (2013).Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Hogan, M. (2012).The four skills of cultural diversity competence. Cengage Learning. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. McKee, A., Kemp, T., Spence, G. (2012).Management: a focus on leaders. Pearson Higher Education AU. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Ng, E. S., Sears, G. J. (2012). CEO leadership styles and the implementation of organizational diversity practices: Moderating effects of social values and age.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 41-52. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.